德國成為最新一波席捲歐洲的學生抗議浪潮中的國家。當地時間上周六（10月31日），數千人在柏林（Berlin）及全國34個城市集會，抗議生活成本上升、教育經費削減與徵兵等問題，而類似示威也在法國、義大利、葡萄牙、西班牙與荷蘭等地爆發，部分活動伴隨衝突，數百人被捕。
Protests Reach Germany 🔸 Thousands of people took to the streets of Berlin, demanding the resignation of Chancellor Friedrich Merz. They also protested against the militarization of the country, the increase in defense spending, and financial and military support for Ukraine. 🔸 Kaya Schwab, coordinator of the youth movement "Gen Z regelt," stated that the increase in military spending threatens the future of young people and leads to a weakening of the social state. 🔸 Similar demonstrations took place in more than 30 cities across Germany. Participants also protested against the possible reintroduction of mandatory military service.
— Sprinter Press (@Sprinter_Press) November 1, 2026
綜合德新社（dpa）、《德國之聲》（DW）與《France 24》報導，在柏林，抗議者上周六下午聚集在布蘭登堡門（Brandenburg Gate）西側的三月十八日廣場（Platz des 18 Maerz），在晴朗但寒冷的天氣下舉行集會。由鬆散聯盟「Gen Z Regelt」組織的活動，上午已有近18萬人在34個城市報名參與，主要城市包括法蘭克福、科隆、慕尼黑與柏林。德國警方表示柏林約有5000人抗議，而組織方在社群媒體上稱約1萬人參與；全國範圍內，組織方稱超過10萬人抗議。
示威人群混合多元，包括抽著手捲菸、戴著巴勒斯坦頭巾的反法西斯活動人士、穿著萬聖節服裝的學生、佩戴「omas gegen rechts」（祖母反對右翼）徽章的打扮整齊祖母，以及攝影團隊。抗議者提出6大關鍵議題，包括生活成本上升、教育削減與軍事徵兵。
🇩🇪 Thousands of protesters clashed with police across 34 cities in #Germany including Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich, as part of a wider wave of Gen Z-led activism sweeping #Europe. Organized by Gen Z regelt - "Gen Z takes charge," demanding greater economic and social opportunities. better education, lower living costs and an end to compulsory military service. Years of neglect, poor policies and focus on external issues rather than critical matters at home is pushing #Europe over the brink. #StudentProtests #GenZregelt
— Shafek Koreshe (@shafeKoreshe) November 1, 2026
來自漢諾威（Hannover）的23歲政治學學生迪恩特（Veronika Dinter）上周五（10月30日）晚間前往柏林參與，她因高生活成本必須兼職才能負擔學業，「我想開始讀書來發展批判思考並學習新事物，但我沒想到這會花這麼多錢。我認為這是我這一代很多人都正在經歷的事」，「教育與社會服務的資金被削減，而生活成本持續上升。大學正在掙扎、研究所關閉、教師失業，教育設施在崩壞。這場危機是我們政府的政治失敗。而總理梅爾茨（Friedrich Merz）和他的有錢朋友們不是解決它，而是用數十億歐元資助軍隊。」
https://t.co/3fekZa9Q5e
— F̳̿͟͞l̳̿͟͞i̳̿͟͞c̳̿͟͞k̳̿͟͞ ™ (@Flick1_) November 1, 2026
居住在柏林的24歲學生海曼（Emma Heymann）也有同感，「我們這一代對政府非常憤怒，因為他們正在做出這些巨大的削減，影響我們這裡的生活品質。同時，他們在軍隊上花費數十億，並花錢資助加薩（Gaza）的種族滅絕」。來自卡塞爾（Kassel）的齊亞齊亞尼斯（Phil Tziartzianis）花了8小時前往，與朋友一起參與，「對我來說，能在這裡與其他同樣感受的年輕人在一起，感覺很重要」。
Tens of thousands take to the streets across Germany’s biggest cities to demand better education and lower living costs — in pictures https://t.co/LrpIRmoKEx https://t.co/bZwpEO9M26
— Al Jazeera English (@AJEnglish) November 1, 2026
康斯坦茨大學（University of Konstanz）未來工作實驗室高級研究員漢佩爾（Kilian Hampel）表示，其他地方的示威正在影響德國年輕人，「挫折感本身已累積多年，但這絕對是我們在歐洲看到的一波浪潮的一部分，這裡的年輕人感覺他們可以真正把擔憂和問題帶到街頭」，「他們的許多擔憂，特別是關於糟糕的教育基礎設施，是合理的，重要的是他們被傾聽」。
柏林示威持續數小時後，另一個聯盟在首都其他地方發起另一場抗議。柏林警方表示當天有一些小問題，如燃放煙火，但整體過程大致平靜。過去一周，政治人物曾擔憂抗議可能轉為暴力，但示威者認為暴力敘事分散了他們想提出的議題。迪恩特說：「我們敦促警方不要以任何形式的暴力對抗我們的示威」，「我們與全世界所有為可負擔生活、為教育系統更多投資、以及反對戰爭與軍事擴張而戰的人站在一起」。
🚨 PROTESTS HIT 12 NATO COUNTRIES IN 3 WEEKS. HERE'S WHAT HAPPENED TO EACH: 🇩🇪 Germany — looting and rioting spread to Frankfurt last night for the FIRST time. Petrol bombs at police, a GUN STORE looted. Organisers say 120,000 marched against cuts, military spending and conscription 🇫🇷 France — 320,000 marched yesterday, the 3rd straight weekend. 70,000 police out, tear gas in Lyon and Toulouse. THOUSANDS of shops damaged or looted in recent weeks 🇮🇹 Italy — tens of thousands out in Friday's general strike against living costs and MILITARY SPENDING. Clashes near the Colosseum 🇵🇱 Poland — top court chief SUSPENDED for a month. Riot police at the court in Warsaw, several hundred protesters, clashes. President Nawrocki turned his plane back: "forcible takeover" 🇬🇧 UK — every department told to cut 1% of capital budgets to fill a £4.7 billion DEFENCE hole, after 1% cuts earlier this year. Gen Z protested in London on Oct 25 over rent, tuition and jobs 🇪🇸 Spain — Barcelona riots on Oct 24: 132 arrested, 83 of them MINORS. 30+ fires, 14 stores vandalised or looted 🇦🇱 Albania — Molotovs at police in Tirana yesterday, protesters demand PM Rama RESIGN. At least 295 injured, 186 of them police 🇬🇷 Greece — seafarers struck at Piraeus on Friday, as dockworkers at 113 ports in 22 countries struck against ARMS shipments: "We will not work for their wars" 🇵🇹 Portugal — police baton-charged a Lisbon housing protest camp today. House prices MORE THAN DOUBLED since 2017 🇧🇪 Belgium — nearly 200 ARRESTS after protests in Brussels and Liege over education reforms and budget cuts 🇳🇱 Netherlands — riot police in The Hague yesterday, at least 10 arrested, shops BOARDED UP 🇨🇿 Czechia — several thousand in Prague against a plan to replace public media licence fees Outside NATO: 🇷🇸 Serbia — Vucic conceded defeat on Oct 25 to a student-led movement 🇨🇭 Switzerland — national strike called for Nov 20: "Fight for our future, not their wars!" 🇦🇹 Austria — Vienna university demo against cuts of around 10% in real terms 🇮🇪 Ireland — Cork student housing protests 12 countries, different sparks: a top court, housing, a prime minister. Not every protest is about NATO. But the NATO target is 5% of GDP by 2035. Britain is already cutting every department for defence, with more cuts hinted. Germany and Italy marched against military spending. They signed up for the weapons. Their people got the bill. Follow me for more.
— Taegun Lee (@TGLetter) November 1, 2026
與此同時，歐洲多國爆發示威活動。法國上周六再現新一輪全國性示威，政府部署約7萬名憲兵和警員，並於周末在巴黎部分區域實施宵禁。巴黎大眾運輸公司表示，受影響有超過40個地鐵站關閉。法國內政部長努內茲（Nunez）當晚對媒體說，示威活動總體秩序較好，但警方遭遇「大量暴力行為」。據內政部統計，當天全國約32萬人參加示威，其間有422人被捕。
在義大利，示威活動上周六仍在持續。前一天，超過60個城市舉行示威遊行，抗議生活成本上漲和軍費增加等問題，羅馬、米蘭、熱那亞、佛羅倫斯等地規模較大。此次活動由義大利基層工會聯盟等多個工會組織發起。據安莎社（ANSA）報導，這一聯盟估計上周五全國約有150萬人參加，而義大利內政部公布的數字為約25.5萬人。
在葡萄牙里斯本與波爾多，上周六示威規模均達數千人，示威者要求增加公共住房供應、限制房地產基金購房等。葡萄牙總統塞古羅（Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa）定於周一（2日）召開會議，討論社會凝聚力問題。西班牙馬德里、巴塞隆納、瓦倫西亞等城市則部署大批警力，採取嚴密安保措施。據埃菲社（EFE）報導，近日西班牙境內已有10人因涉嫌透過網路管道煽動騷亂被捕，其中4人為未成年人。
荷蘭警方上周六在海牙商業區及周邊部署大量警力，並以擾亂公共秩序、持有非法煙花等罪名逮捕34人，其中多數為未成年人。
自10月中下旬以來，法國、義大利、西班牙、葡萄牙等歐洲國家已發生多起大規模示威，人群普遍不滿生活成本上升、公共服務不足等問題，部分遊行活動伴隨嚴重暴力行為。
